The rapid and thorough analysis of phenylethylchromones, both qualitatively and quantitatively, using two LC-MS techniques in NaCl-treated A. sinensis suspension cells, establishes a critical benchmark for the yield of these compounds in Aquilariae Lignum Resinatum via in vitro culture and other biotechnologies.
This study sought to evaluate the quality of Viticis Fructus by creating HPLC fingerprints and assessing the quality of 24 samples originating from different species using similarity analysis and multivariate statistical methods (PCA, HCA, and PLS-DA). Comparing the concentrations of casticin, agnuside, homoorientin, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid formed the basis for the development of an HPLC approach. Chromatographic analysis was conducted using a Waters Symmetry C18 column, employing a gradient mobile phase composed of acetonitrile (A) and 0.5% phosphoric acid solution (B), at a flow rate of 1 mL per minute, with detection at 258 nm. The temperature of the column was fixed at 30 degrees, and the injection volume was measured at 10 liters. The HPLC fingerprint generated from 24 batches of Viticis Fructus samples demonstrated 21 common peaks, nine of which were identified. The similarity of 24 batches of Viticis Fructus chromatographic data was investigated. The results indicated that, excluding DYMJ-16, the samples displayed remarkable similarity with the Vitex trifolia var. The Simplicifolia reading was 0900, in comparison to V. trifolia's reading which stood at 0864. Furthermore, a comparative study of two distinct species revealed the similarity across 16 samples of V. trifolia var. In the case of simplicifolia, the range was 0894-0997; the eight batches of V. trifolia, however, spanned a range between 0990 and 0997. The results indicated a notable variation in fingerprint similarity across the two species, in contrast to the strong similarity within each species group. The three multivariate statistical analyses yielded consistent results, allowing for the differentiation of the two distinct species. The PLS-DA VIP analysis results demonstrate that casticin and agnuside played the key role in differentiating the samples. Content determination studies on Viticis Fructus from multiple species revealed no significant difference in the levels of homoorientin and p-hydroxybenzoic acid. In contrast, the content of casticin and agnuside varied significantly (P<0.001) between different species. A higher casticin presence was noted in the V. trifolia variety. A comparison of agnuside levels revealed a higher amount in V. trifolia as opposed to the lower amount in simplicifolia. Comparative analysis of Viticis Fructus from various species shows disparities in their fingerprint similarities and constituent composition. This observation can serve as a crucial reference point for in-depth investigations into its quality attributes and clinical applications.
This paper investigated the chemical constituents of Boswellia carterii employing a multi-faceted approach, encompassing column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS columns, and also semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography. The identification of the compounds' structures relied on the combined power of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data encompassing infrared (IR), ultraviolet (UV), mass spectrometry (MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). From the n-hexane extract of B. carterii, seven diterpenoids were isolated and purified. The isolates' identification yielded the chemical structure of (1S,3E,7E,11R,12R)-11-hydroxy-1-isopropyl-48,12-trimethyl-15-oxabicyclo[102.1]pentadeca-37-dien-5-one. Among the compounds identified are incensole (3), (-)-(R)-nephthenol (4), euphraticanoid F (5), dilospirane B (6), and dictyotin C (7). Novelty characterized compounds 1 and 2, and their definitive absolute configurations were established through the comparison of calculated and observed electronic circular dichroisms (ECDs). For the first time, compounds 6 and 7 were isolated from the *B. carterii* organism.
The current study, for the first time, examined the toxicity-reducing process of stir-fried Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction, and investigated the underlying detoxification mechanism in detail. Nine stir-fried products, derived from processed Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae, were prepared using a Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction, via a three-factor, three-level orthogonal experimental design. Analysis by high-performance liquid chromatography of diosbulbin B, the primary hepatotoxic component, demonstrated a preliminary method for attenuating toxicity in Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae, comparing results before and after processing. Gram-negative bacterial infections Consequently, mice were administered raw and representative extracts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae, through gavage, at a dose of 2 g/kg (equivalent to the clinical dose), over 21 days. The last administration was followed by a 24-hour collection period for serum and liver tissues. For further analysis and validation of the processing procedure, serum biochemical liver function markers and liver tissue pathology were combined. To investigate detoxification mechanisms further, the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant indexes within the liver tissue were evaluated using a kit-based approach. Simultaneously, the expression of NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1) and glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCLM) within the mouse liver was ascertained through Western blotting. behavioral immune system Treatment of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae with a Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction, specifically through stir-frying, reduced the presence of diosbulbin B and mitigated liver injury stemming from the herb's presence, to various extents. The particular preparation method, A 2B 2C 3, led to a decrease in alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels by 502% and 424%, respectively, following exposure to raw Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae, with statistically significant results (P<0.001, P<0.001). Stir-fried Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction treatment ameliorated the decrease in NQO1 and GCLM protein expression in mouse livers caused by raw Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae consumption (P<0.005 or P<0.001). This treatment was also able to reverse the rising liver malondialdehyde (MDA) and decreasing levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) (P<0.005 or P<0.001). The study concludes that the ideal processing technique for reducing toxicity in stir-fried Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae using Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction is designated A 2B 2C 3. This method calls for incorporating 10% Paeoniae Radix Alba decoction for moistening Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and processing at a temperature of 130 degrees Celsius for 11 minutes. The liver's detoxification process is facilitated by an increase in the expression of NQO1 and GCLM antioxidant proteins, along with other related antioxidant enzymes.
The impact of ginger juice on the chemical characteristics of Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex (MOC) during combined processing was the focus of this investigation. For the qualitative assessment of chemical components in MOC samples before and after processing with ginger juice, a system combining ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and a quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer (UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS) was applied. UPLC methodology was employed to assess the diverse content levels of eight major components in the processed MOC material. A total of 174 compounds were identified or tentatively deduced based on the MS data from both processed and unprocessed MOC samples analyzed in positive and negative ion modes. BSJ-4-116 mouse Following MOC processing using ginger juice, most phenolic compounds exhibited an increase in peak areas, while peak areas for most phenylethanoid glycosides decreased. Peak area changes for neolignans, oxyneolignans, other lignans, and alkaloids displayed variance, and peak areas for terpenoid-lignans were largely unchanged. Furthermore, gingerols and diarylheptanoids were exclusively found in the processed MOC sample. The processed MOC sample exhibited a marked decrease in the concentrations of syringin, magnoloside A, and magnoloside B, but no notable alterations were observed in the levels of magnoflorine, magnocurarine, honokiol, obovatol, and magnolol. This study, employing UPLC and UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS, delved into the multifaceted variations of chemical constituents within processed and unprocessed MOC samples, originating from geographically diverse regions and differing tree ages, subsequently outlining the characteristics of these compound variations. Future research on the pharmacodynamics of MOC, which has been treated with ginger juice, will be informed by the data from these results.
Optimized Tripterygium glycosides liposomes (TPGL), prepared via the thin-film dispersion method, were characterized based on their morphological structures, average particle size, and encapsulation rate. The measured particle size was 13739228 nm; the encapsulation rate was exceptionally high, reaching 8833%182%. Establishment of the mouse central nervous system inflammation model involved stereotactic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. Animal behavioral tests, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining of the hippocampus, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), and immunofluorescence were employed to measure the consequences of intranasal TPG and TPGL administration on the behavioral cognitive impairment observed in mice experiencing LPS-induced central nervous system inflammation. Intranasal TPGL treatment produced less damage to the nasal mucosa, olfactory bulb, liver, and kidneys of mice, when measured against the effect of TPG. A significant rise in the performance of treated mice, particularly in the water maze, Y maze, and nesting behaviors, was observed. A decrease in neuronal cell damage was observed, alongside a reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory and apoptotic related genes (including tumor necrosis factor-(TNF-), interleukin-1(IL-1), BCL2-associated X(Bax), etc.) and glial activation markers (e.g., ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1(IBA1) and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)). The liposome technique, coupled with nasal delivery, proved effective in mitigating the adverse effects of TPG and significantly improving cognitive function in mice affected by central nervous system inflammation.